Python | paramiko模块

一、简介

paramiko是用python语言写的一个模块，遵循SSH2协议，支持以加密和认证的方式，进行远程服务器的连接。

由于使用的是python这样的能够跨平台运行的语言，所以所有python支持的平台，如Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOS X, Windows等，paramiko都可以支持，因此，如果需要使用SSH从一个平台连接到另外一个平台，进行一系列的操作时，paramiko是最佳工具之一

二、安装

安装pycrypto跟paramiko

pip install pycrypto
pip install paramiko

三、例子

1、ssh登录

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: paramiko_ssh.py
import paramiko
host = '10.2.68.36'
port = 36000
username = 'root'
password = 'xxxxxx'
if __name__ == "__main__":
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        client.connect(host, port, username, password, look_for_keys=False)
        print "Connect to %s %d succeed" %(host, port)
    except Exception, e:
        print e
    client.close()

输出结果：

Connect to 10.2.68.36 36000 succeed

2、执行命令

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: paramiko_exec.py
import paramiko
host = '10.2.68.36'
port = 36000
username = 'root'
password = 'xxxxxx'
if __name__ == "__main__":
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        client.connect(host, port, username, password, look_for_keys=False)
        stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('date')
        print host, stdout.read(),
    except Exception, e:
        print e
    client.close()

输出结果：

10.2.68.36 Wed Sep  4 21:48:38 CST 2013

3、使用配置文件批量登陆操作

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: paramiko_config.py
import paramiko
import os
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
config_file = 'config.ini'
config = ConfigParser()
config.read(config_file)
host = ''.join(config.get('IP', 'ipaddress'))
address = host.split(';')
username = 'root'
password = 'xxoo@TENCENT888'
port = 36000
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for ip in address:
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        try:
            client.connect(ip, port, username, password, look_for_keys=False)
            print ip
            stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('date')
            print stdout.read(),
        except Exception, e:
            print e
        client.close()

config.ini配置文件

[IP]
ipaddress = 10.2.68.36;10.2.68.38

输出结果：

10.2.68.36
Thu Sep  5 17:25:20 CST 2013
10.2.68.38
Thu Sep  5 17:16:54 CST 2013

4、文件传输

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: paramiko_exec.py
import os
import paramiko
import datetime
from scp import SCPClient
host = '10.2.68.36'
port = 36000
username = 'root'
password = 'xxxxxx'
local_path = '/tmp/'
remote_path = '/root/tmp'
if __name__ == "__main__":
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        client.connect(host, port, username, password, look_for_keys=False)
        scp = SCPClient(client.get_transport())
        if os.path.isfile(local_path):
            scp.put(local_path, remote_path)
        else:
            scp.put(local_path, remote_path, recursive=True)
    except Exception, e:
        print e
    client.close()

备注

因为paramiko本身是不支持目录传输的，因此找了scp.py 模块代替paramiko的sftp
只需要添加recursive=True参数即可，其实原理也就是调用os.walk

5、功能整合

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Filename: pssh.py
import os
import datetime
import paramiko
from scp import SCPClient
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
config_file = 'config.ini'
config = ConfigParser()
config.read(config_file)
host = ''.join(config.get('IP', 'ipaddress'))
address = host.split(';')
class pssh():
    def __init__(self, hostname, port, username, password, look_for_keys=False):
        self.hostname = hostname
        self.port = port
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.look_for_keys = look_for_keys
        self.client = None
        self.connect()
    def connect(self):
        if self.client is None:
            self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
            self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            try:
                self.client.connect(self.hostname, self.port, self.username, self.password, look_for_keys=self.look_for_keys)
            except Exception, e:
                print e
    def command(self, cmd):
        self.connect()
        stdin, stdout, stderr = self.client.exec_command(cmd)
        message = stdout.read()
        error = stderr.read()
        if len(error) > 0:
            result = False
            msg = error
        else:
            result = True
            msg = message
        return result, msg
    def upload(self, local_path, remote_path):
        self.connect()
        scp = SCPClient(self.client.get_transport())
        try:
            if os.path.isfile(local_path):
                scp.put(local_path, remote_path)
            else:
                scp.put(local_path, remote_path, recursive=True)
        except Exception, e:
            print e
    def download(self, remote_path):
        self.connect()
        scp = SCPClient(self.client.get_transport())
        try:
            if os.path.isfile(remote_path):
                scp.get(remote_path)
            else:
                scp.get(remote_path, recursive=True)
        except Exception, e:
            print e
    def close(self):
        self.client.close()
def main():
    client = pssh('10.2.68.36', 36000, 'root', 'xxoo@TENCENT888')
    client.download('/root/heartbeat3')
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

好了，paramiko模块介绍到这里，本来还想弄个多线程的，剩下的自己自由发挥吧！